Fernand Braudel was born in 1902. The son of a teacher, he took his degree in history at the Sorbonne in 1923. He spent much of the war as a prisoner in Germany, where he wrote most of his Mediterranean thesis. In 1949 it was published as The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, and it remains one of the twentieth century’s seminal works. Among his many other books are the three-volume Civilization and Capitalism,The Identity of France and A History of Civilizations. In 1984 he was elected to the Académie Française. Braudel died in Paris in 1985. The Mediterranean in the Ancient World will be the last major posthumous publication of his work.
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