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Canon in Colour

Welcome to the Canon in Colour initiative, a ground-breaking project from University of Oxford, supported by Penguin Books.

In 2021, Professor Velda Elliott led an independent research team from the University of Oxford’s Department of Education to investigate the barriers preventing books by authors of colour from being taught in England’s primary and secondary schools. The four main barriers identified were time, money, lack of teacher confidence and subject knowledge.

As part of that 2021 research, English Literature teachers reported they had limited knowledge of texts by authors of colour, and minimal knowledge about themes of race and empire in canonical literature, as they rarely had the opportunity to study this content themselves.

Five years on, Lit in Colour continues to believe that 19th century texts have an important place in the English curriculum and recommends they are taught in their historical context, including engaging with themes of race and empire where they appear in the text.

The argument for a more diverse reading list is not an argument against the tradition, a common assumption and criticism from naysayers, but rather, it is an argument for both: books that reflect our multi-racial society as well as those that are rooted in its literary history. - Bernardine Evaristo 

Canon in Colour is a set of resources developed by Professor Velda Elliot that provides teachers with expert knowledge to help them explore themes of race and empire in their teaching of these key texts, enriching the classroom experience for all students. The development of these resources was supported by funding from the University of Oxford’s ESRC Impact Acceleration Account. 

Classic texts have long been central to English Literature teaching and remain core to GCSE and A Level study. Understanding the historical context deepens our reading of these novels. For example, there is no Dracula without colonisation; there is no Great Expectations without the convict who is transported to Australia and makes his fortune; and the fortunes of several Austen characters depend on slavery, plantations or naval expansion.

Some of the most popular 19th-century texts being studied include A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens and The Sign of the Four by Arthur Conan Doyle. Canon in Colour has published resources for these widely studied texts, but the introduction resource can be drawn on for other canonical texts on the curriculum. This offers teachers an additional tool for exploring themes of race and empire where it is relevant to their teaching.

What’s included in the Canon in Colour resources?

Please note the following resources are aimed at teachers to help develop their subject knowledge. As they are written for teachers, we do not necessarily recommend giving them to students directly.

PDF documents:  

  • Introduction resources
  • A Christmas Carol
  • The Sign of the Four
  • Supplementary resources list for the panel discussion

Videos recordings: 

  • Panel discussion on Race and Empire in Classic texts with Dr Mathelinda Nabugodi author of The Trembling Hand and Professor Velda Elliott who conceptualised the Canon in Colour resources, chaired by Dr Lesley Nelson Addy
  • A Christmas Carol introduction video
  • The Sign of the Four introduction video

Dr Lesley Nelson-Addy chairs a discussion with Professor Velda Elliot and Dr Mathelinda Nabugodi  

Focus: This conversation was filmed to help teachers build their confidence and knowledge of the British literary canon and explores how it was shaped by the historical and cultural influence of the British Empire.

Resource: Accompanying the video is a downloadable Introduction which offers wider context and tools to support inclusive teaching of canonical texts.

Download relevant resources here

Professor Velda Elliot introduces the Canon in Colour resources exploring Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol.

 Focus: Examine how themes of race and empire inform the text’s 19th century context and ongoing relevance.  

Resource: Accompanying the video introduction, an in-depth downloadable guide supports teachers in reflecting on and discussing these ideas in the classroom.

Download relevant resources here

Professor Velda Elliot introduces the Canon in Colour resources exploring Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Sign of the Four.

Focus: Examine how themes of race and empire inform the text’s 19th century context and ongoing relevance. 

Resource: Accompanying the video introduction, an in-depth downloadable guide supports teachers in reflecting on and discussing these ideas in the classroom.

Download relevant resources here